The Smith-Kettlewell Summer Institute program is a multi-year, learning opportunity designed to provide training for blind and visually impaired students, recent graduates, and early career researchers interested in data skills that will enhance Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) jobs

Research Associate
Bachelor Science of Nursing, San Francisco State University
Trained Audio Describer: The American Council of the Blind and Audio Description Associates, LLC
I am passionate about making digital media usable by everyone, especially those who are blind or have low vision. As the project lead for YouDescribe.org, I’ve had the opportunity to help develop YouDescribeX, an AI-powered tool that uses audio prompts to make videos more blind-user-friendly. For the past five years, I’ve created study tutorials, mentored students, and worked closely with both new and experienced audio describers to test and improve user interfaces for blind and visually impaired viewers.
I’ve also spent a lot of time training volunteer audio describers—hundreds of them—at YouDescribe.org, helping them craft high-quality descriptions for videos that people with visual impairments can enjoy. In 2023, I led the development of the YouDescribed We Archived dataset (YuWA), a unique collection of audio description data from around the world, gathered between 2013 and 2022. This resource is valuable for a wide range of research, from machine learning to video understanding, and has the potential to shape future advancements in assistive technology.
Before diving into digital media assistive technology, I worked as a nurse with a strong focus on public health. My experience spans areas like pediatric nutrition, childhood lead poisoning prevention, and asthma care. I’ve also had the privilege of working as an advice nurse and lactation consultant, educating families on topics like infant health and home safety. This background has deepened my commitment to improving public health outcomes for all.
Since 2019, I’ve been leading YouDescribe with a focus on community-driven solutions. I’m dedicated to mentoring students and volunteers, working alongside amazing teams at YouDescribe and YouDescribeX to tackle assistive technology challenges in digital media. One of my goals is to integrate non-visually-focused software development into computer science programs, ensuring that the voices of the communities we serve are heard in the creation of technology. I believe that partnerships with organizations like SKERI are key to making sure that technology is designed with the real needs of blind and low-vision individuals in mind.
I’m excited to continue bridging the gap between technology development and the needs of the communities we serve, always keeping assistive technology at the forefront of innovation.
Contact Information:
Email: cpc@ski.org
Office Phone: (415) 345-2131
2318 Fillmore Street
San Francisco, California 94115
Pronouns: she/her I joined The Smith-Kettlewell Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) team in 2017 as an assistant to scientist Dr. Joshua Miele. My 20 years of nursing experience in maternal and child health, as well as course work in early childhood education led to my interest in working with Dr. Arvind Chandna with SeeLab’s cerebral visual impairment (CVI) research project. Currently I facilitate a research advocacy group of clinicians, parents, TVIs, and SKERI researchers related to cerebral visual impairment, CVI@SKI, and assist in administration of the Higher Vision Function Question Inventory (HVFQI). In addition to my work with CVI, I manage YouDescribe (a free tool for anyone to add audio description to YouTube videos). As a trained audio describer for YouDescribe, I view and critique videos, support volunteer describers one on one with personalized tutorials, and teach group audio description classes for new volunteers looking to get started. I also support a new study currently in the development stage with Dr. Giovanni Fusco for tScratch, a Universal Design for Learning informed tactile interface for teaching Scratch, a beginning coding language.
Publications
Journal Articles
Presentations/Posters
Other Publications
Projects
The 3 Ps of 3D: Perception, Pedagogy, and Practice for 3D Printing
3D printing is increasingly used in STEM education. How can it be made usable by students who are blind or visually impaired?
t-Scratch: Tangible Programming Environment
tScratch: Tangible Programming Environment Targeted for Students who are Blind or Visually Impaired Introductory programming languages are overwhelmingly designed with sighted students in mind. Our goal is to expand and enhance scratch (https://scratch.mit.edu/ ), a block-based visual programming language and
The Smith-Kettlewell Technical File
The Smith-Kettlewell Technical File, edited by William Gerrey (WA6NPC), was a publication by and for blind and visually-impaired electronics professionals and enthusiasts. It was published by the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute from Fall 1980, through Spring 1998 and was at

Video Description Research and Development Center
The Smith-Kettlewell Video Description Research and Development Center (VDRDC) investigates innovative technologies and techniques for making online video more accessible to blind and visually-impaired students and consumers.
YouDescribe
YouDescribe is a free, web-based platform for adding audio description to YouTube content.
Labs
Coughlan Lab
The goal of our laboratory is to develop and test assistive technology for blind and visually impaired persons that is enabled by computer vision and other sensor technologies.
Centers
Video Description Research and Development Center
LabsPeopleCollaboratorsFundingsNewsEvents Labs People CurrentPast Collaborators External Fundings News Events
Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center
The Center’s research goal is to develop and apply new scientific knowledge and practical, cost-effective devices to better understand and address the real-world problems of blind, visually impaired, and deaf-blind consumers. The RERC has many ongoing R&D projects and collaborative